GI Bleeding Management
Treatment of bleeding from the digestive tract. Upper GI causes: Ulcers, varices, gastritis Mallory-Weiss tear Lower GI causes: Hemorrhoids, polyps, cancer Diverticulosis, colitis Evaluation: Endoscopy or colonoscopy Blood tests, imaging Treatment: Endoscopic therapy (clips, cautery, injection) Medications or surgery if needed Follow-up: Repeat scope if bleeding recurs Monitor hemoglobin
Abdominal Pain
Pain anywhere in the belly, ranging from mild to severe. Causes: Gas, ulcers, gallstones IBS, IBD, infections Surgical emergencies Evaluation: History, exam Blood tests, imaging Endoscopy if needed Treatment: Depends on cause Pain relief, dietary changes Surgery if indicated Follow-up: Monitor symptoms Reassess if pain worsens
Chronic Diarrhea
Loose stools lasting more than 4 weeks. Causes: IBS, IBD, infections Malabsorption (celiac, lactose intolerance) Medications Evaluation: Stool tests, blood work Endoscopy or colonoscopy Treatment: Diet changes (low-FODMAP) Medications (antidiarrheals, antibiotics) Treat underlying cause Follow-up: Monitor hydration and weight Repeat tests if symptoms persist
Available Medications
Semaglutide (Wegovy) Treatment duration: 68 weeks Dose escalation: • Weeks 1–4: 0.25 mg weekly SC • Weeks 5–8: 0.5 mg weekly SC • Incrementally up to 2.4 mg weekly SC Average weight reduction: 14.9% of baseline weight【STEP1】 Common side effects: nausea (40%), vomiting (20%), diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain Tirzepatide (Zepbound) Treatment duration: 72 weeks Dose […]
Obesity Management
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excess body fat (BMI ≥30) that increases risk of diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, and certain cancers. Why Do I Need Management? Effective obesity management improves metabolic health, reduces comorbidities, and enhances quality of life. How Should I Prepare? Assessment: BMI and waist-circumference measurement Laboratory: fasting glucose, lipid profile, […]
Crohn’s Colitis Management
Inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any GI segment; colitis refers to colon involvement. Why Do I Need Management? To control symptoms (pain, diarrhea), heal mucosa, and prevent strictures/fistulas. How Should I Prepare? Review current medications and recent imaging. What Happens During Management? Medication: Corticosteroids for induction, immunomodulators, biologics (adalimumab). Endoscopy/Imaging: Periodic colonoscopy or MR […]
Ulcerative Colitis Management
A chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon’s mucosal lining, causing diarrhea and rectal bleeding. Why Do I Need Management? To induce and maintain remission, prevent complications (strictures, cancer). How Should I Prepare? Bring medication list and recent lab results. What Happens During Management? Medication: 5-ASA agents, corticosteroids for flare, immunomodulators (azathioprine), biologics (infliximab). Monitoring: Regular […]
Hyperplastic Polyps Management
Benign polyps typically found in the distal colon; low risk of malignancy. Why Do I Need Management? Most require no treatment; removal if >1 cm to exclude serrated adenoma. How Should I Prepare? Bowel prep for colonoscopy if removal is planned. What Happens During Management? Snare Polypectomy: Endoscopic removal of large hyperplastic polyps. What Can […]
Inflammatory Polyps Management
Pseudopolyps that arise in inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Why Do I Need Management? They indicate ongoing inflammation but are not pre-cancerous. How Should I Prepare? Colonoscopy prep per IBD surveillance protocol. What Happens During Management? Surveillance: Regular colonoscopy to monitor disease activity. Therapy: Optimize IBD medications (5-ASA, biologics) to reduce […]
Stomach Polyp Management
Abnormal growths in the stomach lining; common types are fundic-gland and hyperplastic polyps. Why Do I Need Management? Fundic-gland polyps: usually benign; monitor size. Hyperplastic polyps >1 cm or with dysplasia: remove to rule out cancer. How Should I Prepare? Fasting 6 hours before endoscopy. Stop PPIs 2 weeks prior if safe. What Happens During […]
