Diabetic Colonic Dysmotility (Coloparesis)
Slow transit of stool through the colon resulting in chronic constipation. Why Do I Need Management? Severe constipation can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and fecal impaction. Treatment Diet: High-fiber, adequate fluids. Medications: Osmotic laxatives (PEG), stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl) if needed. Endoscopic: Colonoscopic decompression or botulinum injection for outlet obstruction. What Can I Expect Afterwards? Bowel-movement […]
Diabetic Gastroparesis
Delayed gastric emptying causing nausea, vomiting, fullness, and bloating. Why Do I Need Treatment? To prevent malnutrition, glycemic instability, and hospitalization for intractable symptoms. Treatment Diet: Low-fat, low-fiber, small frequent meals. Medications: Prokinetics (metoclopramide, domperidone), antiemetics (ondansetron). Endoscopic: Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) for refractory cases. What Can I Expect Afterwards? Symptom improvement over weeks […]
Functional Dyspepsia
Upper-abdominal discomfort or pain without an identifiable structural cause on endoscopy. Treatment Dietary: Small frequent meals, avoid high-fat foods, caffeine. Medications: PPIs or H2 blockers Prokinetics (domperidone) Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants Psychological: Stress management, CBT. What Can I Expect Afterwards? Symptom relief in 4–8 weeks. Follow-Up Endoscopy if alarm features develop (weight loss, bleeding, persistent vomiting).
Functional Dyspepsia
What Is Functional Dyspepsia? Upper-abdominal discomfort or pain without an identifiable structural cause on endoscopy. Treatment Dietary: Small frequent meals, avoid high-fat foods, caffeine. Medications: PPIs or H2 blockers Prokinetics (domperidone) Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants Psychological: Stress management, CBT. What Can I Expect Afterwards? Symptom relief in 4–8 weeks. Follow-Up Endoscopy if alarm features develop (weight […]
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
What Is IBS? A functional GI disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or mixed). Why Do I Need Management? Symptoms impact quality of life and may mimic organic disease—evaluation rules out serious causes. Treatment Approach Diet: Low-FODMAP, soluble fiber for IBS-C, limited insoluble fiber for IBS-D. Medications: Antispasmodics (hyoscine) Laxatives […]
Gas & Bloating Management
What Causes Gas & Bloating? Excess intestinal gas from swallowed air or bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates. Why Do I Need Treatment? Persistent bloating can cause discomfort, distension, and social embarrassment. Management Dietary: Low-FODMAP diet, avoid carbonated drinks, chew slowly. Medications: Simethicone, rifaximin for suspected SIBO, probiotics. Behavioral: Mindful eating, small frequent meals. What Can […]
Non-Erosive Reflux Disease (NERD)
What Is NERD? A subtype of GERD with typical reflux symptoms but no visible esophageal erosions on endoscopy. Why Do I Need Treatment? Though non-erosive, NERD significantly impacts quality of life and may progress without therapy. Treatment PPI once daily for 8–12 weeks. Adjunct: alginate formulations, H2 blockers at night. Lifestyle: same as GERD. What […]
Reflux (GERD) Management
What Is GERD? Gastroesophageal reflux disease is chronic backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing heartburn and potential esophageal injury. Why Do I Need Treatment? Untreated GERD can lead to esophagitis, strictures, Barrett’s esophagus, and increased cancer risk. Treatment Approach Lifestyle: Weight loss, head-of-bed elevation, avoid triggers (spicy foods, caffeine). Medical: Antacids for mild […]
Hiatus Hernia Management
What Is Hiatus Hernia? Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragmatic hiatus into the chest, often causing reflux. Why Do I Need Treatment? Symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and dysphagia. How Should I Prepare? Evaluation: Endoscopy, contrast swallow, or manometry. Medications: Trial of PPIs and lifestyle modification first. Treatment Options Medical: PPIs, H2 blockers, […]
Hernia Repair Surgery
What Is Hernia Repair? Surgical correction of a defect in the abdominal wall (inguinal, umbilical, incisional, or hiatal hernia). Why Do I Need It? Indications include: Pain or discomfort Risk of incarceration/strangulation Cosmetic or functional concerns How Should I Prepare? Pre-op Tests: Blood work, ECG if >50 years or cardiac risk. Fasting: NPO after midnight. […]
