A condition where esophageal lining changes from squamous cells to intestinal-type cells due to chronic acid reflux, increasing cancer risk.

Why Do I Need Screening?

  • Chronic GERD (>5 years)
  • Frequent heartburn and regurgitation
  • White males over 50 with obesity

How Should I Prepare?

  • Fasting 6 hours before endoscopy.
  • Stop PPIs 2 weeks prior if safe to do so, to improve biopsy accuracy.

What Happens During Endoscopy?

  • Sedation given.
  • Visual inspection of the lower esophagus; multiple biopsies taken.
  • Duration: 10–20 minutes.

What Can I Expect Afterwards?

  • Rest until sedation wears off.
  • Resume clear liquids then soft diet.

Risks & Possible Complications

  • Biopsy bleeding (<1%)
  • Perforation (<0.1%)

Follow-Up

  • No dysplasia: repeat endoscopy in 3–5 years.
  • Low-grade dysplasia: every 6–12 months or endoscopic ablation.
  • High-grade dysplasia: endoscopic therapy or surgery.