Owais Ishaq

What Is Gallbladder Cancer? Malignancy arising from gallbladder epithelium, often diagnosed incidentally after cholecystectomy or by imaging. Why Do I Need Evaluation/Treatment? Symptoms include right upper-quadrant pain, jaundice, or mass on ultrasound/CT. How Should I Prepare? Imaging: Ultrasound, CT/MRI; concurrent liver markers. Lab Tests: LFTs, tumor markers (CA 19-9). What Happens During Treatment? Extended Cholecystectomy: [...]

What Is Cholangiocarcinoma? Cancer of the bile ducts, intrahepatic or extrahepatic, often causing obstructive jaundice. Why Do I Need Evaluation/Treatment? You may present with jaundice, pruritus, or cholestatic liver-function tests. How Should I Prepare? Imaging: MRCP/CT; no special prep for CT. ERCP/EUS: Fasting 8 hours, consent for stenting or biopsy. What Happens During Treatment? Surgical [...]

What Is HCC? Primary liver cancer arising from hepatocytes, often in cirrhotic livers. Why Do I Need Evaluation/Treatment? You may have elevated AFP, liver lesions on imaging, or chronic liver disease. How Should I Prepare? Imaging: Multiphasic CT/MRI; fast 4–6 hours for CT. Laboratory: AFP, liver panel, coagulation. What Happens During Treatment? Resection: Partial hepatectomy [...]

What Is Small Bowel Cancer? A rare malignancy of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). Why Do I Need Evaluation/Treatment? Symptoms include: Abdominal pain or obstruction Gastrointestinal bleeding Weight loss How Should I Prepare? Imaging: CT/MR enterography; no special prep for CT. Endoscopy: Double-balloon enteroscopy prep similar to colonoscopy. What Happens During Diagnosis & Treatment? [...]

What Is Colorectal Cancer? Cancer arising from the lining of the colon or rectum, often starting as non-cancerous polyps. Why Do I Need Evaluation/Treatment? You may have: Blood in stool or change in bowel habits Unexplained weight loss or fatigue Family history of colorectal cancer How Should I Prepare? Bowel Prep: Clear-liquid diet 1–2 days [...]

What Is Hemochromatosis? A genetic disorder causing iron overload in liver, heart, and pancreas. Why Do I Need Treatment? To prevent cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, and arthritis. How Should I Prepare? Blood tests: serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, genetic testing. MRI to quantify liver iron. What Happens During Treatment? Phlebotomy: weekly removal of 500 mL blood until [...]

What Is Wilson Disease? A genetic disorder of copper metabolism causing copper accumulation in liver and brain. Why Do I Need Treatment? To prevent liver failure, neurologic damage, and psychiatric symptoms. How Should I Prepare? Blood tests: ceruloplasmin, copper level; 24-hour urinary copper. Eye exam: check for Kayser-Fleischer rings. What Happens During Treatment? Copper chelation: [...]

Why Evaluate Children’s Gut Health? Children can present with distinct GI problems affecting growth and development. Common Causes Infections: rotavirus, norovirus, bacterial enteritis Inflammatory: pediatric IBD (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis) Allergies: cow’s milk protein intolerance, eosinophilic esophagitis Functional: infantile colic, functional constipation, IBS Malabsorption: celiac disease, lactase deficiency Anatomic: pyloric stenosis, malrotation How Should I Prepare? [...]

Why Special Care? Pregnancy can unmask or worsen liver conditions and certain therapies must be adapted for fetal safety. Common Conditions Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) Exacerbation of viral hepatitis or autoimmune liver disease How Should I Prepare? Early prenatal care with liver-panel blood tests. Review medication safety. What [...]

What Is Hepatitis E? An acute viral hepatitis transmitted via contaminated water or zoonotic sources; usually self-limited. Why Do I Need Evaluation? You may have acute HEV if you develop: Jaundice, fatigue, nausea Recent travel to endemic areas or undercooked meat consumption How Should I Prepare? Blood tests: HEV IgM antibodies, liver panel. No imaging [...]