Endoscopic examination to detect early gastric malignancies in high-risk populations. Why Do I Need Screening? Family history of gastric cancer Chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia Pernicious anemia or H. pylori infection How Should I Prepare? Fasting 6 hours before endoscopy. Discontinue PPIs 2 weeks prior if safe. What Happens During Endoscopy? Sedation administered. Systematic inspection [...]
A condition where esophageal lining changes from squamous cells to intestinal-type cells due to chronic acid reflux, increasing cancer risk. Why Do I Need Screening? Chronic GERD (>5 years) Frequent heartburn and regurgitation White males over 50 with obesity How Should I Prepare? Fasting 6 hours before endoscopy. Stop PPIs 2 weeks prior if safe [...]
A precancerous change of stomach lining cells that can progress to gastric cancer. Why Do I Need Screening? Chronic H. pylori infection Family history of gastric cancer Persistent dyspepsia How Should I Prepare? Fasting 6 hours before endoscopy. Continue PPIs unless instructed to stop 2 weeks prior. What Happens During Endoscopy? Sedation administered. Biopsies taken [...]
Ultrasound-based evaluation to detect early gallbladder carcinoma in high-risk patients. Why Do I Need Screening? Gallstones or gallbladder polyps >1 cm Primary sclerosing cholangitis Porcelain gallbladder on imaging How Should I Prepare? No fasting needed for ultrasound. Arrive with prior imaging reports if available. What Happens During Screening? Ultrasound: Non-invasive scan of gallbladder to assess [...]
Targeted imaging and blood tests to detect pancreatic cancer early in high-risk individuals. Why Do I Need Screening? Strong family history of pancreatic cancer Genetic syndromes (e.g., BRCA, Lynch syndrome) Chronic pancreatitis How Should I Prepare? Fasting 6 hours before imaging if CT or MRI is used. No special prep for blood tests (CA 19-9 [...]
Evaluation focused on the rectum and lower colon to detect early rectal cancers or precancerous lesions. Why Do I Need Screening? Symptoms: rectal bleeding, change in stool caliber High-risk factors: family history, inflammatory bowel disease How Should I Prepare? Bowel prep similar to colonoscopy if a full exam is planned. Flexible sigmoidoscopy requires enema preparation [...]
A set of tests to detect early signs of colon (large intestine) cancer before symptoms develop. Why Do I Need Screening? Adults aged 45 and older Personal or family history of colon polyps or colorectal cancer Symptoms like occult blood in stool, unexplained anemia How Should I Prepare? Bowel Prep: Clear-liquid diet 1–2 days before; [...]
Slow transit of stool through the colon resulting in chronic constipation. Why Do I Need Management? Severe constipation can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and fecal impaction. Treatment Diet: High-fiber, adequate fluids. Medications: Osmotic laxatives (PEG), stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl) if needed. Endoscopic: Colonoscopic decompression or botulinum injection for outlet obstruction. What Can I Expect Afterwards? Bowel-movement [...]
Delayed gastric emptying causing nausea, vomiting, fullness, and bloating. Why Do I Need Treatment? To prevent malnutrition, glycemic instability, and hospitalization for intractable symptoms. Treatment Diet: Low-fat, low-fiber, small frequent meals. Medications: Prokinetics (metoclopramide, domperidone), antiemetics (ondansetron). Endoscopic: Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) for refractory cases. What Can I Expect Afterwards? Symptom improvement over weeks [...]
Upper-abdominal discomfort or pain without an identifiable structural cause on endoscopy. Treatment Dietary: Small frequent meals, avoid high-fat foods, caffeine. Medications: PPIs or H2 blockers Prokinetics (domperidone) Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants Psychological: Stress management, CBT. What Can I Expect Afterwards? Symptom relief in 4–8 weeks. Follow-Up Endoscopy if alarm features develop (weight loss, bleeding, persistent vomiting).
