Helicobacter pylori Infection

  • Definition: Bacterial colonization of stomach lining linked to ulcers and cancer.
  • Symptoms: Dyspepsia, nausea, bloating; often asymptomatic.
  • Diagnosis: Urea breath test, stool antigen, or biopsy.
  • Treatment: 10–14-day triple or quadruple antibiotic regimen plus PPI.
  • Follow-Up: Confirm eradication ≥4 weeks post-therapy.

Peptic Ulcer Disease & Gastric Ulcer

  • Definition: Mucosal breaks in stomach (gastric) or duodenum due to acid and enzyme injury.
  • Symptoms: Burning epigastric pain, nausea, weight loss; bleeding in severe cases.
  • Diagnosis: Upper endoscopy; test for H. pylori.
  • Treatment: PPI for 4–8 weeks; H. pylori eradication if positive; stop NSAIDs.
  • Follow-Up: Repeat endoscopy if alarm features or bleed occurred.

Colonic Ulcers & Abdominal Tuberculosis

  • Colonic Ulcers
    • Inflammatory or ischemic mucosal breaks causing bleeding and pain.
    • Diagnosed by colonoscopy with biopsy; treat underlying cause (IBD, ischemia).
  • Abdominal TB
    • Mycobacterial infection of GI tract, often ileocecal region.
    • Symptoms: Chronic pain, fever, weight loss; diagnosed by imaging and biopsy.
    • Treatment: 6-month anti-TB regimen; monitor response and nutritional status.