An endoscopic examination of the entire large intestine (colon) and distal small intestine (terminal ileum) using a flexible camera tube.
Why you need it
• Rectal bleeding, blood in stool
• Chronic changes in bowel habits, unexplained abdominal pain
• Colorectal cancer screening (age ≥45 or high risk)
• Surveillance of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease
Preparation
• Clear-liquid diet 1–2 days before
• Bowel-cleansing kit as prescribed (laxative solution)
• Inform your doctor about blood thinners
• Arrange transportation home after sedation
During the procedure
• IV sedation for comfort
• Colonoscope inserted through the rectum, air or CO₂ used to expand the colon
• Biopsies, polyp removal, or treatment of bleeding lesions performed
• Duration: 20–45 minutes
Afterwards
• Observation for 30–60 minutes until sedation wears off
• Resume a light diet once fully awake
• Avoid driving and strenuous activity for 24 hours
Risks & complications
• Cramping, bloating
• Bleeding (0.1–1%, higher if polyps removed)
• Perforation (<0.1%)
• Sedation reactions (rare)
Follow-up
• Pathology results in 3–5 days
• Surveillance intervals based on findings (typically 3–10 years)
